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RDIV / ANSWER E-005 · EVIDENCE

How Should Contradictory Evidence Be Handled?

Contradictory evidence should remain visible, be independently tested, and affect confidence according to what the conflict actually establishes.

METHODWAVE DVERIFIED 2026-09-244 SOURCES
DIRECT ANSWER
Contradictory evidence should remain visible until a conflict is resolved or bounded. Contradiction may result from error, incomplete records, changed circumstances, differing definitions, date mismatch, mistaken identity, deception, or genuinely competing evidence. It is therefore unsound to treat every contradiction as automatic proof of misconduct. The investigator should identify the precise conflict, test the sources independently, record plausible explanations, and state how the unresolved contradiction affects confidence.
DEFINITION / SCOPE

Fix the object first.

A contradiction exists when two or more pieces of evidence cannot all support the same factual proposition under the same definitions, identity, and time frame. Apparent conflicts often disappear after disambiguating dates, scopes, entities, or versions.

WHY IT MATTERS

The visible label is not the whole system.

Hiding contradiction creates brittle conclusions. Preserving it makes the reasoning auditable and prevents later readers from mistaking confidence for certainty.

HOW IT WORKS

Trace the burden.

Write the conflicting propositions precisely.
Check whether the sources refer to the same entity, time, definition, and event.
Test source independence and reliability separately.
List plausible resolutions without prematurely choosing one.
Update the confidence of any finding that depends on the unresolved conflict.
CRITICAL DISTINCTION
CONTRADICTION IS AN ANALYTICAL OBJECT, NOT AN AUTOMATIC VERDICT.
INFORMATION GAIN / Contradiction Taxonomy
DATE→IDENTITY→DEFINITION→VERSION→ERROR→DECEPTION→GENUINE CONFLICT
INFORMATION GAIN / Resolution Tree
SAME CLAIM?→SAME TIME?→SAME ENTITY?→INDEPENDENT?→RESOLVED/OPEN
WHAT THE RECORD ESTABLISHES
  • Professional open-source investigation standards emphasize careful analysis and preservation of context.
  • Contradictory records are common in complex investigations and require explicit handling.
WHAT REMAINS OPEN
  • A contradiction alone does not identify which source is wrong.
  • Some contradictions remain unresolved because the decisive record is unavailable.
RDIV FRAMEWORK

Where the work adds something.

R/IV preserves contradiction as a first-class object. It rejects the practice of forcing every source into one narrative before the evidentiary conflict has been adjudicated.

SOURCE LEDGER

Follow the record.

berkeley-protocol
institutional-primary
Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source InvestigationsUC Berkeley Human Rights Center / UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights · 2020-12-02Protocol developed for digital open-source investigations in international criminal/human-rights contexts; adapt carefully outside those contexts.
OPEN ↗
berkeley-imagery
institutional-primary
Evaluating Digital Open Source Imagery: A Guide for Judges and Fact-findersUC Berkeley Human Rights Center and partners · 2024-05-24Focused on imagery and evidentiary assessment; not a universal source-verification standard.
OPEN ↗
rdiv-riv
rdiv-primary
R/IV — Evidence Reconstruction SystemRobertDuranIV.com · 2026-01-01Live page currently states runtime capabilities are not yet verified; methodology claims must not be confused with demonstrated deployment capability.
OPEN ↗
rdiv-standards
rdiv-primary
Editorial StandardsRobertDuranIV.com · 2026-01-01RDIV editorial/research standards.
OPEN ↗
RECORD
ANSWER IDE-005
AUTHORRobert Duran IV
FIRST PUBLISHED2026-09-24
LAST VERIFIED2026-09-24
TOPICEVIDENCE
RELEASE WAVED
CANONICAL/answers/evidence/contradictory-evidence
FRESHNESSevergreen